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Joods Monument Arnhem
Joods Monument Arnhem

Ongeveer 1500 Joodse Arnhemmers kwamen in de kampen om

17 november 2019

Joods Monument Arnhem onthuld

lokatie

Jonas Daniël Meijerplaats / Kippenmarkt

nabij Eusebiuskerk

English

Welcome to the site of the Jewish Monument Arnhem

 

A memorial to the 1500 Jewish residents of Arnhem who died during the Second World War.


Their names are not on the memorial, but they can be found under the heading 'names' on this site. Some contain further information or a life history. QR codes on both sides of the monument's plinth lead to the site.

 

The 'Last Luggage' memorial was unveiled in 2019. It was designed by Betty Jacobs.

The text on the Torah scroll reads: "Never forget what was done to them". The front of the pedestal reads: "Brutally taken away but their spirit and tradition remain". On the back: "About 1500 Jews were deported but few returned to their Arnhem".

 

The annual commemoration takes place on the second Sunday of November at the Jonas Daniël Meijerplaats / Kippenmarkt.

In 2023 the commemoration will be held on Sunday 12 November.

 

The most current news is listed on the homepage. For an overview of all news click on:

Lees meer nieuws over het Joods Monument Arnhem...

 



In Arnhem, the Second World War is virtually synonymous with Operation Market Garden: the lost battle and the subsequent forced evacuation of its inhabitants in September 1944. These were exceedingly dramatic events for the city and its inhabitants.

(Operation Market Garden september 1944)


As far as the Nazis were concerned, Arnhem had been Judenfrei for more than a year when the battle began. Arnhem’s Jews had either gone into hiding or had fled, although most had already been murdered in the concentration camps set up especially for that purpose: they were murdered just because they were Jewish, regardless of whether they were orthodox, liberal or non-religious, and irrespective of their being old or young.

Persecution of Jews had been taking place for centuries. Perhaps fear of the "other" contributed to the horror stories that surrounded them. They were held responsible for the crucifixion of Christ, as well as being the cause of untold disasters, The Plague and other diseases. Whatever the case, there was always a reason to blame them for something. Following Germany’s loss of World War I in 1918, the Jews were blamed for the miserable situation the country was left in. Cleverly constructed fabrications – age-old and modern – were used to justify their persecution and murder. Germany’s humiliating defeat combined with romantic notions of nationalism, unstable governments, bitter poverty, envy and the charisma of Hitler provided fertile ground for a growing, obsessive hatred of Jews.

Between 1933 and the outbreak of World War II on 10 May 1940, the Jewish population in Arnhem grew due to the influx of refugees from Germany. At some point between 1935 and 1945 there were as many as 2,370 Jews in the city. Of them, 1,500 died in extermination camps as a result of murder, hunger or exhaustion.

Three large-scale deportations took place in Arnhem during the occupation. For a long time the official policy purported to encourage emigration to and employment in Germany. However, on 3 October 1942 the men who were already in labour camps, and their wives and children who were at the time still at home in Arnhem, were transported to the Westerbork transit camp, this under the guise of family reunification.                                                                        (Gelders Archief Collectie Haverhoek: list of deportations 10 december 1942).

The German occupier organized another two major deportations that year: one on 17 November 1942 and one on 10 December 1942.

(the Westerbork transit camp autumn 1941. Copyright: 75 jaar vrijheid

There has been much debate about the fact that such a large percentage of Dutch Jews did not survive the war, even though anti-Semitism in the Netherlands was relatively mild: the Dutch paradox.

Factors that may have contributed to this paradox are:

  • the law abiding attitude of the Dutch, including the Jewish Dutch
  • the densely populated nature of the country
  • the flat, open terrain of the Dutch countryside
  • the sectarian structure of Dutch society at the time
  • the fact that many people, Jews included, did not take the rumours of extermination camps seriously; Sobibor and Auschwitz were unimaginable at the time.

Comparisons with other countries occupied by Germany:

  • It was intended that the Netherlands would become part of Germany. In contrast to Belgium and France, a civilian government was installed in the Netherlands, headed by Seyss-Inquart as state commissioner and Rauter as head of the SS and police. Both were fanatical persecutors of Jews. In France 3,000 SS were stationed, in the Netherlands 5,000.
  • Persecution of Jews in Denmark began in October 1943. (By that time the Netherlands was almost "Judenfrei".) In March 1943 free elections had even been held. Democracy continued to be maintained and never was any anti-Jewish legislation introduced like that in the Netherlands.
  • In Hungary, structural deportations began in 1944, towards the end of the war. By that time most Hungarian Jews had already met their death on the Russian front, where they had been explicitly deployed. (David Cesarani, Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 1933-1949, (2016); Dutch translation, Endlösung. Het lot van de Joden, 1933-1949 (2018)).

Most Dutch Jews who survived the occupation and persecution of the war did so by going into hiding. The Utrecht Children's Committee (UKC), set up by students, was one group that provided aid to Jewish children. There was also a branch of the UKC in Arnhem. Between 10 and 20 people were needed for each person in hiding. Indeed, many survivors reported that they had been hidden at more than ten locations during the war.

The Jewish monument on the Kippenmarkt / Jonas Daniel Meijerplaats (near the Eusebiuskerk) was officially unveiled on 17 November 2019 by Ahmed Marcouch, mayor of Arnhem, John Berends, king's commissioner to Gelderland, and Betty Jacobs, designer of the monument. Pupils from the Tomas a Kempis College were also involved. The monument, which depicts a suitcase as a symbol of the deportation and a Torah scroll as a symbol of Jewish traditions, commemorates the 1500 Jewish people of Arnhem who died in camps between 1942 and 1945.

 

(Kippenmarkt / Jonas Daniel Meijerplaats 2020 on the left Jewish Monument Arnhem)


 

(street signs Kippenmarkt / Jonas Daniel Meijerplaats on the wall of the Eusebiuschurch)


 

 

Locatie Joods Monument Arnhem:
Kippenmarkt/Jonas Daniël Meijerplaats